Terms used in the learning site¶
Use this table when a familiar word has a specific meaning in an experiment. API names stay unchanged in both languages. Follow the links for examples and the applicable SDK limits.
| Term | 中文 | Meaning here |
|---|---|---|
| Amplitude | 振幅 | A complex coefficient of a quantum state in a stated basis. Its squared magnitude gives an outcome probability. Complex amplitudes. |
| Probability | 概率 | The distribution calculated from a state or specified model. It is distinct from a frequency computed from finite counts. |
| Shots | 采样次数 | The requested number of measurement samples for a run. A multi-basis energy estimate can contain several runs with separate shot allocations. Finite-shot VQE. |
| Counts / frequency | 计数／频率 | Counts record how many times each outcome occurred; frequency divides a count by the number of samples. |
| Logical order / bit order | 逻辑顺序／位序 | The ordered mapping between qubits or filled atom sites and positions in a bitstring. In the examples, the first logical site is the leftmost bit. Gates and ordering. |
| Hamiltonian | 哈密顿量 | The operator used to specify coherent evolution or an energy objective. Its coefficients and units belong to the declared model. |
| Observable / expectation | 可观测量／期望值 | An operator and the mean value predicted by a state, or an estimate of that mean from measurements. ObservableSet requests several supported operators. |
| Rabi angular frequency | Rabi 角频率 | The drive coefficient Ω in the off-diagonal coupling. This SDK's Analog controls use rad/us; convert ordinary cycles-per-time frequencies by multiplying by 2π. |
| Detuning | 失谐 | The angular-frequency offset Δ. CASCAQit's stated convention contributes −Δ n to a driven atom's Hamiltonian. Physical conventions. |
| Phase | 相位 | The angle of a drive or state coefficient relative to a reference. Control phases use radians. |
| Local addressing | 局域寻址 | Selecting or weighting sites for a control. SitePattern gives weights; SiteMask gives binary selections, including scheduled frames. Local detuning. |
| Rydberg interaction | Rydberg 相互作用 | Here, the declared finite term Vij ni nj, with Vij = C6/rij⁶. It is present only when configured and applicable to the pair. |
| Hard blockade | 硬阻塞近似 | A reduced state space that excludes specified simultaneous excitations. It is different from retaining all states with a finite interaction energy. Rabi project. |
| State vector / density matrix | 状态向量／密度矩阵 | State representations with 2^n complex amplitudes or 4^n matrix entries for n qubits. A density matrix can represent a mixed state. |
| Dephasing | 退相干（相位衰减） | In the specified channel, phase coherence decays during Analog evolution. The rate convention is given in the noise project; it is not interchangeable with a probability per gate. |
| Readout error | 读出误差 | An error in recording a sampled bit. It changes counts without necessarily changing the simulated pre-readout state or exact observables. |
| Trajectory | 量子轨迹 | A stochastic state-evolution realization used by a noise solver. The trajectory count controls state-estimation sampling and is separate from terminal measurement shots. |
| Numerical precision / integration error | 数值精度／积分误差 | Floating-point representation and the error of approximating time evolution. More shots do not remove integration error. Noise and precision. |
| Standard error / confidence interval | 标准误差／置信区间 | An estimated spread of an estimator and an interval produced by a stated statistical procedure. Always specify whether they concern shots, trajectories or repeated experiments. |
| Parameter binding | 参数绑定 | Assigning numeric values to declared parameters. Physical units, bounds and the parameter schema still apply. |
| Parameter scan / sweep | 参数扫描 | Evaluating a specified list or grid of parameter bindings. A scan result contains the status of each point. Hybrid scan. |
| QUBO / Ising | QUBO／Ising 模型 | Binary and spin formulations of an optimization objective. Check the mapping, constant offset and bit encoding before comparing energies. |
| QAOA / VQE | QAOA／变分量子本征求解器 | Parameterized circuit methods using a classical optimizer. A returned candidate or budget stop does not establish global optimality. |
| SPSA | 同时扰动随机逼近 | An optimizer that estimates a gradient from paired positive and negative parameter perturbations. Measurement repeats and candidate confirmation add execution costs. |
| Candidate confirmation | 候选确认 | Independent measurements of parameters selected from optimization history. It reduces reliance on favorable historical fluctuations; the comparison can remain inconclusive. |
| Backend / Job | 后端／任务 | The executor interface and the returned task handle. LocalBackend executes locally; reading a cached Job result does not imply another simulation. |
| Validation / discretization | 校验／离散化 | Checking declared requirements and mapping values to a target grid. Discretization reports control-value changes, not a guaranteed bound on state error. |
| Intermediate representation (IR) | 中间表示 | A structured representation used between construction, compilation and execution. A representation being valid does not imply it is executable by every consumer. |
| Reference compile | 参考编译 | Compilation against a public target specification. Its output is an offline reference and does not demonstrate private calibration, production scheduling or hardware execution. |
| State continuity | 状态连续传递 | Passing the output state of one Hybrid block into the next. Trace hashes and logical times help check that handoff. |
| Resource estimate | 资源估计 | A plan's estimate of state storage, workspaces and related buffers. It is not measured peak process memory or a guarantee of runtime. |
Keep units with the formula¶
For one independently driven atom at zero phase, the convention is
\[
H/\hbar = \frac{\Omega}{2}X - \Delta n,
\qquad n = |1\rangle\langle 1|.
\]
When Ω and Δ use rad/us, time uses us. With zero detuning and initial state |0⟩,
\[
P_1(t) = \sin^2\!\left(\frac{\Omega t}{2}\right).
\]
An optimization Hamiltonian may instead use an arbitrary energy unit, as in the VQE project. State that choice rather than attaching a physical frequency unit to every quantity named energy. See physical units for conversions.